Pharmacyfind56

  Definition of Computer :-  A computer is an electronic device wherein we need to input raw data to be processed with a set of programs to  produce a desirable output. Computers have the ability to store, process, and manipulate data.  Computer invented by Charles Babbage.  Parts of Computers & definition  Central Processing Unit (CPU) :- The CPU is the brain of your computer, responsible for executing instructions  and managing all tasks.    Random Access Memory (RAM) :- RAM is your computer’s short-term memory, temporarily storing the data  your CPU needs quick access to. More RAM allows your computer to handle more tasks at once, improving speed  and responsiveness.   Motherboard :-The motherboard is the backbone of your computer, connecting all components and ensuring  they work together seamlessly.  Graphics Processing Unit (GPU):- The GPU is responsible for rendering images, videos, and animations...

 Medicine works in the body in specific ways to treat diseases or alleviate symptoms. How a medicine reacts depends on the type of medicine and the condition it is being used for. Generally, medicine interacts with the body in the following ways: 1. Binding to Receptors: Some medicines target receptors on cells. These receptors are special proteins that recognize nize signals in the body. Medicines bind to these receptors to alter the body's functions, such as reducing pain, lowering blood pressure, or regulating heartbeats. 2. Impact on Enzymes: Many medicines influence enzymes, which control chemical reactions in the body. Medicines can increase or decrease the activity of these enzymes, leading to changes in bodily functions. 3. Impact on Pathogens: Antibiotics and antiviral medicines directly attack bacteria, viruses, or fungi, destroying them or preventing their growth. 4. Symptom Relief: Some medicines are designed to relieve symptoms, such as painkillers for pain relief or a...

 BONES Bone is the hardest connective tissue which makes up the body's skeletal system and performs various functions, such as movement, protection & structural framework.  *Made up from Calcium and phosphate. Type of Bones:. There are mainly six types of bones: Long Bones: they have longer lengths as compare to width. they are strong which support the body. (eg) thigh, fibula, tibia, humerus, radius, ulna. short bones: they have almost equal length and width. helps in movement, bones of ankle and wrist.  (eg) Carpals and Tarsals. Hat bones: they have thin and fiat structures. skull bones, sternum (protection to internal organs) Irregular bones: they have complicated shapes which are different but perform a specific function. eg vertebral column and focial bones (protection) Sesamoid bones: small rounded bones develop in some tendons, patellae (knee caps). Sutural bones: - these are very small bones found within the sutural joints in between the cranial bones. pres...

 Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, which are transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. When the mosquito bites a person already infected with malaria, it picks up the parasites. Later, when the same mosquito bites a healthy individual, the parasites enter the bloodstream, leading to infection. Symptoms of malaria typically include fever, chills, headache, fatigue, muscle aches, and in some cases, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. If untreated, malaria can become severe and life-threatening, especially for young children, pregnant women, and people with weakened immune systems. Preventing malaria involves avoiding mosquito bites through the use of insect repellents, bed nets, and wearing protective clothing. In some cases, preventive medications may be used when traveling to malaria-prone areas.

 In the 1st Test between Bangladesh and South Africa, taking place from October 21 to 25, 2024, South Africa currently leads by 30 runs after Day 1. Bangladesh was bowled out for 106 in their first innings, with Mahmudul Hasan Joy top-scoring with 30 runs. South Africa responded with 136/6 by the end of Day 1, with Taijul Islam claiming five wickets for Bangladesh. South Africa’s Wiaan Mulder and Kyle Verreynne are currently at the crease, trying to extend their lead.

  AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)  HIV virus ke infection ke kaaran hota hai. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) ek aisa virus hai jo immune system ko damage karta hai aur shareer ko bimariyon aur infections se ladne ke liye kamzor bana deta hai. AIDS tab hota hai jab HIV ke kaaran immune system itna kamzor ho jaata hai ki shareer serious infections ya cancer ka samna nahi kar paata. HIV ke infection ke kaaran: 1. Unprotected sexual contact (bina condom ke sex). 2. Infected blood se contact (jaise contaminated syringes ya needles ka istemal). 3. Mother se child transmission (pregnancy, delivery, ya breastfeeding ke dauraan). 4. Infected blood products (pehle ke zamaane mein blood transfusion ke dauraan). HIV spread nahi hota hai normal contact, jaise haath milane, gale lagane, ya cheezen share karne se.

 Cancer tab hota hai jab sharir ke kuch cells aniyamit tareeke se vikasit aur vibhajit hone lagte hain. Ye cells samay ke saath control se bahar ho jaate hain aur ek mass ya growth (tumor) bana sakte hain, ya kabhi-kabhi ye cells bloodstream mein fail kar anya angon tak bhi pahuncha kar waha naye cancer bana sakte hain. Cancer hone ke kuch pramukh kaaran hain: 1. Genetic Mutation (an vanshik badlaav): Yeh DNA mein hone wale parivartan ke karan hota hai, jo aksar virasat mein milta hai ya vikas ke dauran hota hai. 2. Tambaku ka upyog: Dhumrapaan, gutkha, aur tambaku se bane utpaad cancer ka pramukh kaaran hote hain, khaaskar fefdon, muh, aur gale ka cancer. 3. Radiation: Surya se aane wali ultraviolet (UV) radiation, x-rays, ya anya prakaar ki radiations cancer utpan kar sakti hain, jaise skin cancer. 4. Vishak Dravya (chemicals): Kuch vishak padarth, jaise asbestos, benzene, aur anumit kiye gaye rasayan cancer ko trigger kar sakte hain. 5. Virus aur sankraman: Kuch virus, jaise hum...

 डीएनए (डाइऑक्साइबोन्यू क्लिक एसिड) और आरएन (रायन्यू क्लिक एसिड) दोनों न्यू एसिड जो जीव विज्ञान में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते हैं, लेकिन उनमें से कई महत्वपूर्ण अंतर हैं : 1. : डीएनए: लंबा, स्थिर संरचना वाला डबल-स्ट्रैंडेड हेलिक्स। आरएन: एकल-रज्जुक, अधिक लचीला और छोटा। 2. चीनी: डीएनए: इसमें डीऑक्सीराइबोस ग्लूकोज होता है। आरएन: राइब इनबोज ग्लूकोज होता है, जिसमें डीऑक्सीराइबोज की तुलना में एक ऑक्सीजन परमाणु अधिक होता है। 3. आधार: डीएनए: एडेनिन (ए), थाइमिन (टी), साइटोसिन (सी), और ग्वानिन (जी) का उपयोग किया जाता है। आरएन: एडेनिन (ए), यूरेसिल (यू), साइटोसिन (सी), और ग्वानिन (जी) का उपयोग किया जाता है। यूरेसिल थाइमिन की जगहें हैं। 4. कार्य: डीएनए: आनुवंशिकी जानकारी दस्तावेज करता है और प्रोटीन बनाने के लिए ब्लूप्रिंट के रूप में कार्य करता है। आरएन: विभिन्न मठों में मदद मिलती है जैसे कि आनुवंशिकी डेटाबेस (मैथिएटिक एनडियाज़) संचार करना, परमाणुचित्र (आरआरएनएल और प्रशिक्षण एन) में सहायता करना, और अन्य जनसांख्यिकीय कार्य करना। 5. स्थिर: डीएनए: इसकी ट्रिपल-हेलिक्स संरचना अधिक स्थिर है, जो इसे रा...

 The terms medicine and drug are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct meanings: , All medicines are drugs, but not all drugs are medicines 1. Medicine: A medicine is a drug or combination of drugs that is specifically formulated to treat, prevent, or manage diseases or medical conditions. Medicines are prepared in forms that are safe and effective for consumption, such as tablets, syrups, injections, etc. They often include additional components like stabilizers, flavoring agents, or other substances to ensure patient safety and adherence. Example: Paracetamol is a medicine used to treat fever and pain. 2. Drug: A drug is any chemical substance that can alter the structure or function of the body. Drugs can have a therapeutic effect (as medicines do), but they can also refer to substances that are used recreationally or illicitly and may not be intended for medical use. Essentially, all medicines are drugs, but not all drugs are medicines. Example: Morphine is a drug ...

 The "Rx" symbol on a prescription has historical and Latin roots. "Rx" is derived from the Latin word "Recipe," which means "to take" or "take this." It signifies that the medicine or treatment prescribed by the doctor should be taken exactly as written on the prescription. Historically, the symbol is also believed to be associated with the symbol of Jupiter, the Roman god of healing and medicine. In modern times, it simply serves as a standard mark indicating that it's a prescription written by a doctor.

 The most popular medicines can vary depending on the country, medical trends, and healthcare needs, but globally, the following categories of medications are commonly used due to their wide application for common health issues: 1. Atorvastatin (Lipitor) – A statin used to lower cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease. 2. Metformin – A medication commonly used to manage type 2 diabetes by controlling blood sugar levels. 3. Lisinopril – An ACE inhibitor used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. 4. Amlodipine (Norvasc) – A calcium channel blocker used for treating high blood pressure and angina (chest pain). 5. Omeprazole (Prilosec) – A proton pump inhibitor (PPI) that reduces stomach acid, used to treat conditions like acid reflux and ulcers. These medications are commonly prescribed due to the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and gastrointestinal disorders.

  HCID BASE AND TITRATION It is quantitative analysis which is used for determination of unknown concentration of acid/base with the help of known concentration of base/acid. • The principle of acid-base titration is based on the neutralisation reaction, in which acid is react with base and formed salts H CL  +   NA O H     ==== NACL    +    H2 O acid         base                salt            water It is also known as Neutralisation titration.• Phenolphthalein is the most commonly used indicator for acid-base titration.

  INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM Dosage forms are the safe, effective and stable terms in which medication will be delivered into the body. Dosage forms are essentially pharmaceutical product which are marketed for use typically involving a mixture of active drug components and excipients (non-drug components). These dosage forms are classified in a number of ways as mentioned below by which drug molecules are delivered to the site of action. 1. Form wise: 2. Route wise: 3. Release rate: (i) Solid dosage form (ii) Liquid dosage form (iii) Semi-solid dosage form (i) Oral dosage form (ii) Topical dosage form (iii) Parenteral dosage form (i) Sustained release (ii) Prolonged release (iii) Controlled release (iv) Targetted drug delivery

  British Pharmacopeia *First edition of BP was published in 1864. *It consists of two sections: *Part I: Materia Medica and *Part II: Preparation and compounding. *Second edition of BP was published in 1867. *Third edition of BP was published in 1884. *Fourth edition of BP was published in 1898. *Next edition of BP was published in 1914. *Next edition of BP was published in 1953. *In this edition titles of drugs and preparations were in English instead of Latin and metric system. *It has been published annually. *In BP 2007 monographs has been introduced for material specifically used in *preparation of Traditional chinese medicines. *BP 2008 contains approximately 3100 monographs for substances, preparations and articles used in practice. *It has been made effective from 1st January 2008. *BP 2007, 2008, 2009 were given in six volumes i.e. volume I to volume VI. *Volume I and II contains medicinal substances.

  Extra Pharmacopoeia  * Extra Pharmacopoeia was first produced in 1883 by William Martindale and is still known as "Martindale". *This is an authorized reference book on drugs and is used throughout the world. *It provides all sorts of latest information on drugs and medicines. *The Extra Pharmacopoeia is prepared by consulting the pharmacopoeias of other countries. *The twenty-eighth edition was published in December 1982. *The twenty-ninth edition was published in January 1989, by direction of the council of The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain and prepared in the Society's Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences. *Martindale contains information on drugs in clinical use worldwide, as well as selected investigational and veterinary drugs, herbal and complementary medicines, pharmaceutical excipients, vitamins and nutritional agents, vaccines, radiopharmaceuticals, contrast media and diagnostic agents, medicinal gases, drugs of abuse and recreational drugs, t...

  There Are Total 11 System In Human Body. 1 Skeletal System 2 Muscular System 3 Nervous System 4 Endocrine System 5 Cardiovascular System 6 Lymphatic System 7 Respiratory System 8 Digestive System 9 Intequmentry System 10 Urinary System 11 Reproductive System Skeletal System= Protect and support body organ and provide a frame work. Muscular System= Allows locomotion of the body and facial expression. Nervous System=  As the fast acting control system of the boys * It response to internal and external changes by exhibiting  Appropriate mussels and glands. Endocrine System= Glands secret harmons that regulate process such as:. Growth, Reproduction, And Nutrient rute by body cell. Cardiovascular System= Blood vessels transport blood with O2 , Co2 Nutrient ,waste, etc. Lymphatic System= Picks up fluid lead from blood vessels and returns it to blood. * White blood cells involved in immunity. * The immune response mouth attack again foreign substance....

  What happens if you eat expired medicine? What to do if you eat it? 🤔 If the medicine is eaten after expiry, the benefits of the medicine are greatly reduced but the side effects of the medicine increase. Friends, there are some medicines which become poisonous after expiry. Some companies that make common medicines used in homes write the date of some time before the expiry date of the medicine so that if someone eats it even after expiry, he does not get harmed but only some companies do this and one important thing is that one should never take medicine without a doctor's prescription.

AZ All United State Pharmacopoeia (USP) edition Published List  👇 From 1820-1942 published in 10 Year internal 1st USP-1820  USP    1830-----USP 1 1840-----USP 2 1850-----USP 3 1860-----USP 4 1870-----USP 5 1880-----USP 6 1890-----USP 7 1900-----USP 8 1910-----USP 9 1920-----USP 10 1930-----USP 11 1940-----USP 12 1945-----USP 13 From 1942-2000 published in 5 Year internal   1950-----USP 14 1955-----USP 15 1960-----USP 16 1965-----USP 17 1970-----USP 18 1975-----USP 19 1980-----USP 20__NF15    First combined USP with NF 1985-----USP 21__NF16 1990-----USP 22__NF17 1995-----USP 23__NF18 2000-----USP 24__NF19 From 2002 Published annually 2002-----USP 25__NF20 2003-----USP 26__NF21 2004-----USP 27__NF22 2005-----USP 28__NF23 2006-----USP 29__NF24 2007-----USP 30__NF25 2008-----USP 31__NF26 2009-----USP 32__NF27 2010-----USP 33__NF28 2011-----USP 34__NF29 2012-----USP 35__NF30 2013-----USP 36__NF31 2014-----USP ...

भारत फार्माकोपिया संस्करण  संस्करण वर्ष परिशिष्ट और अनुपूरक मात्रा की संख्या प्रबंध प्रथम संस्करण 1955 अनुपूरक 1960 2 986 दूसरा संस्करण 1966 अनुपूरक 1975 3 890 • तीसरा संस्करण 1985 परिशिष्ट 1989 2 261 परिशिष्ट 1991 चौथा संस्करण 1996 परिशिष्ट 2000 3 1149 परिशिष्ट 2002 परिशिष्ट 2005 5वां संस्करण 2007 परिशिष्ट 2008 3 271 • 6वां संस्करण 2010 परिशिष्ट 2012 3 52 . 7वां संस्करण 2014 परिशिष्ट 2015 577 4 परिशिष्ट 2016 220 • 8वां संस्करण 2018 परिशिष्ट 2019 4 * 9* संस्करण 2022

 Arabian Period→ In exa drug are formula it contain documentation of drug formulation different drug forms which are new used syrup consensus conference and julep Empiric Era- Pharmacopoeia powered by government used for protecting health of public in which roat bark herius flower etc.  Pharmacy, taday and tamarrow- Pharmacy with its habitate of 50 centuries of service to mankind has come to be me to Considered as of the great profession  Priscription Priscription is a order written by physician dentist RMP veterinary to a pharmacist for dispense specific medicine to a patient Pharmacology  The study of drug from the greek Pharmacon means drug Pharmacognosy  The study of physical chemical biological and biological

 Pharmacy Ancient Babyplania Pharmacy Papyrus Ebers Day in China Rocket Ancient Babyplania (2600 BC) which was in Nesaptamia about 2600 BC. Babyplania healing practice has the response of the practice physician and doctor bilingual * Shot in Ancient China - (2000 BC) Chinese ampular Sher Sung gave the preparation railway of hundreds of kaif medical herbs (jadi distance). He first retrieved 965 native plants Deng in Tsao (rock called ancient China). * Day of Papyrus Ebers (1500 BC) It contains 800 substances including 700 dre substances including 7000 quantilicious components

 History of Pharmacy Interoduction Pharmacy pram the Greek Word (Pharmacon = Drug) is the health profession that linked the science with the chemical science.  * It is changed cith ensuring the safe and effeative use of medication. * It was also capaillary 9th century in the civilized warld araund Baghdad that the profession of pharmacy started acquiring shape and alsos spread to europe * Iit was also complutely shorouted aut fram medicine and started developing as a seperate profession cuber campaunder know as  pharmacist * and physician is known as therapist. Thase time was anty simple and pawdests spirits

 The term homeostasis is drived from two Greek word 'homeo'  which means unchanging and 'stasis  * Et means staying tha same.  * Et is an organism internal environment which stays the same.  होमियोस्टेसिस की परिभाषा Is the maintain of constant internal environment.  ~ Their is no specific organ which control homeostasis except possibility the brain.  ~ The skin,kidney, liver, endocrine system and sensory system all play a part in maintaining the internal environment withing narrow limits.  ~ The skin is a homeostatic organ with help maintain the body temperature withing the limit  

  A. PARTS OF A PRESCRIPTION A typical prescription consists of the following parts: 1. Prescriber office information 2. Date 3. Patient information (Name, Age, Sex And Address Of The Patient) 4. Superscription (symbol ℞) 5. Inscription (Medication prescribed)- Main part of prescription 6. Subscription(Direction to Pharmacist/Dispenser ) 7. Signatura or Transcription (Direction for Patient) 8. Renewal instructions 9. Prescriber’s signature and registration number. 1. Physician (Prescriber) office Information:  Information about physician is essential so that the patient could be contact in emergency.  Following information is mentioned on the prescription i. Doctor's or office name. ii. Address with phone number and e-mail. iii. Prescription number, (required when calling the pharmacy for a refill) 2. DATE  It helps a pharmacist to find out the date of prescribing.  It also helps in know when the medicines were last dispensed if the prescription is brought fo...

 1.PRESCRIPTION  DEFINITION  It is an order written by a physician, dentist, veterinarian or a registered medical practitioner (RMP) to  a pharmacist to compound and dispense a specific drug for the patient.                                       OR  Prescription is a written order for medication, issued by physician or RMP   Prescription is relationship between physician and pharmacist.  Physician (RMP)         Pharmacist           patients   The word "prescription" is derived from the Latin term praescriptus (Prae - 'before' and  scribere- meaning 'to write').   Prescription means 'to write before' which means prescription had to be written before a drug  could be compounded and administered to a patient.